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NC010 Psychology
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NC010 Psychology
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Course Code: NC010
University: National College Of Ireland
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Country: Ireland
Question:
Debate on the important fact on Free will vs determinism complaring and contrasting.
Answer:
Introduction:
The problem related to Free Will and Determinism has mystified philosophers for thousands of years. It is known as a profound problem for without free will ethics cannot exist and there will be no right and wrong, no good and evil. On the other hand, determinism is something when an individual’s attitude is considered to be affected by internal and external forces but free will is a person’s capability to make most decisions. Philosophers who are determined believe that attitude is strong-minded by external and interior forces. For example, parents are assisting a type of behavior and that is why motivating it. On the other hand, interior power would be motivated by hormones (List, 2014). People who trust in freewill presume that people are free to make their choices and must ignore any type of internal or external influences.
In Psychology, determinism is assisted by more number of theories than free will. All the behaviorists are extremely determinists. They also dispute that the entire cosmos is ruled by some extensive methodical values. They think that an action is initiated by a positive presiding reason and individual’s deed is no exemption. Behaviorists also suppose that behavior is strong-minded by environmental factors and citizens generally imitate attitudes that are satisfied and accepted. According to Atmanspacher and Bishop (2014)), individuals are determined by some cataleptic feelings. Slight incidents like referring to a personality with a different individual’s name are a consequence of permanent causes in the person’s motivational structure.
On the other hand, humanistic approach states that individuals have free will. As mentioned by Carl Rogers, a famous American psychologist, each individual have a desire for positive growth and self-actualization (Feldman et al., 2014). He also advised client centered therapies where the therapist will be known as facilitator and will help patients to work out free will. Humanistic psychologists strongly argued that it is wrong that an individual will be controlled by external forces. Besides, ethical arguments also believe that individuals have free will. According to ethical arguments, if an individual’s behavior is controlled by some factors that they unable to manage, then the human being cannot be held responsible for their actions. However, as per governmental laws, grown up inhabitants do have responsibility for their events and therefore it can be stated that the society is circuitously in favor of free will. Besides, “Soft Determinism” is another approach that argues that all actions are caused; however only the actions that are not coerced are free (Vihvelin, 2013). This approach was supported by William James who stated that if an action has its contiguous and instant cause, processing by a scheme such as conscious mental life, then it can be counted as free, balanced and intentional actions.
In the end, it can be concluded that behavior of an individual is momentous in both free will and determinism. How a person will take steps is entirely prejudiced by his freedom and his choices in life. However, the decisions are more strong-minded by surroundings and by contemporary ambiance.
References
Atmanspacher, H., & Bishop, R. (2014). Between Chance and Choice: Interdisciplinry Perspectives on Determinism. Andrews UK Limited.
Feldman, G., Baumeister, R. F., & Wong, K. F. E. (2014). Free will is about choosing: The link between choice and the belief in free will. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 239-245.
List, C. (2014). Free will, determinism, and the possibility of doing otherwise. Noûs, 48(1), 156-178.
Vihvelin, K. (2013). Causes, laws, and free will: why determinism doesn’t matter. Oxford University Press.
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